“What Is Hypnosis” Describe the Psychological and...

What is hypnosis? Hypnosis has amazing benefits and can enhance people lives in many ways. In modern times, it is unfortunate that Hypnosis is seen as a method of entertaining people instead of it being respected for its true aspects. In reality, hypnosis bears little resemblance to these stereotyped images, as it can improve focus and general well-being mentally and physically. It is a cooperative interaction in which the participant responds to the suggestions of the hypnotist. It can also be described as a sleep like trance state or better expressed as a relaxed creative mind, focused by the individual. Despite stories about people being hypnotised out of their consent hypnosis requires voluntary participation on the part of the†¦show more content†¦These are around 4 to 8 cycles per second. Theta waves are associated with a much deeper calmness and serenity. This is where a person can access their intuition and their gateway to learning. Interestingly, while driving a long a route that we know very well we can go into Theta waves, if suddenly another car came towards us in a dangerous way we would suddenly go straight into Beta Waves so that we can drive safely. The reason we do this, is when we are engaging in activity we know so well we can mentally disengage and indulge in creativity. The last frequency which is the slowest is around 1 - 4 and this called Delta Waves. This state is complete rest and detached awareness. It can be described as a very deep hypnotic state and sleep. We can never go down to zero as this would mean we are brain dead and as we fall asleep we go from beta, alpha, theta waves and then delta. When we wake up we do the same in reverse as we cannot jump from one to the other. This is the state that allows us to access our subconscious mind therefore, we can perform hypnosis successfully. The psychological aspects of hypnotherapy are associated with people’s behaviour. Two of the most recognised psychologists are Stanley Milgram and Soloman Asch. Soloman Asch constructed a series of studies of social influence known as conformity and obedience in psychological terms, conformity refers to an individuals tendency to follow the unspoken rulesShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Hypnosis? Describe the Psychological and Physical Aspects of Hypnosis and Discuss the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy.2077 Words   |  9 Pageswords 2003 What is Hypnosis? Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. For this essay I will start by looking at the question what is hypnosis? I will look at the way hypnosis is perceived and look at some of the reasons for this, a brief history of hypnosis and some of the individuals who have had a hand in shaping its path to what it is today. When describing the psychological and physical aspects I will look at personalRead Moreâ€Å"What Is Hypnosis?† Describe the Physical and Psychological Aspects of Hypnosis and Discuss the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy.2086 Words   |  9 Pages2017 â€Å"What is hypnosis?† Describe the physical and psychological aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. Hypnosis is a very natural state of consciousness in which we are able to completely relax our mind and body, it is not in any way a magic spell that has been put on a person, nor does it hold any mystical powers or is it supernatural in anyway. Hypnosis causes the person hypnotised to display and experience both physical and psychological changes. RelaxationRead MoreWhat Is Hypnosis? Describe the Psychological and Physical Aspects of Hypnosis and Discuss the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy.2059 Words   |  9 PagesWhat Is Hypnosis? Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy. Before we can begin to discuss anything about hypnotherapy, it is important to discuss what hypnosis actually is. This essay aims to arrive at a definition of hypnosis by describing the psychological and physical aspects and looking at it use by hypnotherapists and the role of relaxation within this. The history of hypnosis dates back to the times of ancient Egypt andRead MoreWhat Is Hypnosis? Describe the Psychological and Physical Aspects of Hypnosis and Discuss the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy.1886 Words   |  8 Pagesthis essay will explore how hypnosis has been defined in both the past and the present. I will explain my understanding of hypnosis as well as exploring the history of hypnosis, its origins and how it was first practiced. I shall also detail some of the techniques used and the psychological and physical changes which occur during hypnosis. Finally I will discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy and look at some of the reasons that individuals wish to undergo hypnosis and the benefits they mayRead MorePsychological and Physical Aspects of Hypnosis and the Role of Relaxation in Hypnotherapy2052 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"What is hypnosis?† Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy Hypnosis can be traced as far back as the ancient Egyptians where it was used as a means of curing illnesses through suggestion, it was known as the curing sleep. Hypnosis can be described as a sleep like trance and a state of heightened relaxation, that hypnotists today call a trance state this is where you are more susceptible to suggestion and influence. HypnosisRead MoreEssay on The Multi-Layered Nature of Hypnosis2466 Words   |  10 PagesEssay Title: â€Å"What is Hypnosis† Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy 2189 words Hypnosis is a complex concept. Forms of hypnosis have been around for thousands of years, with a more detailed historical account of the development and practice of modern hypnosis being available largely from the 18th Century onwards. No one definition of what we understand under the term hypnosis is exactly the same, in the sameRead MoreChrysalis Year One What is Hypnosis?2473 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"What is Hypnosis?† Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy. ‘No-one really knows what hypnosis is; this is part of the attraction of the view that there really is no such thing.’ (Waterfield 2011, Introduction) Hypnosis, as a term and as a practice, is shrouded in centuries of mystery and surrounded by misconception. Even the word itself, derived from the Greek ‘hypnos’, meaning sleep, is misleading; most peopleRead MoreHypnosis Past and Present2242 Words   |  9 Pagesanswering the question What is Hypnosis?. It will describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and will be discussing the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. It will give a brief history of hypnosis. It will look back over the centurys to the many people who have influenced the progression of hypnosis, to how it is seen and practiced to this day. It will discuss the role of relaxation and what happens to achieve relaxation. What is Hypnosis? Hypnosis is nothing new, in factRead MoreDebate Topics6648 Words   |  27 PagesHypnotherapy is therapy that is undertaken with a subject in hypnosis.[citation needed] The word hypnosis (from the Greek hypnos, sleep) is an abbreviation of James Braid s (1841) term neuro-hypnotism, meaning sleep of the nervous system. A person who is hypnotized displays certain unusual characteristics and propensities, compared with a non-hypnotized subject, most notably hyper-suggestibility, which some authorities have considered a sine qua non of hypnosis. For example, Clark L. HullRead More‚Äà ºDiscuss the relationship between stress, anxiety, habits and phobias and describe how you would treat these issues with hypnotherapy‚Äà ¹.4857 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿ Title: â€Å"Discuss the relationship between stress, anxiety, habits and phobias and describe how you would treat these issues with hypnotherapy†. Module Five: Hypnotherapy and Counselling Skills Date: 27th April 2013 2000 words INTRODUCTION This essay will briefly research evidence on the four conditions and demonstrate the impact that stress has on our everyday lives whilst showing how it is linked to the other conditions of anxiety

Leadership Decision Making. Leaders Will Undeniably Be

Leadership Decision Making Leaders will undeniably be faced with a plethora of different decisions to make. Some of the decisions that they make are not necessarily the most important decisions that are needed to be made, and in most cases these minor decisions will affect nobody but themselves. However some of the decisions that they have to make can affect every person that is involved with the task at hand. Making these kind of decisions big and small are part of what is expected from someone in a leadership position on a daily basis. The fact that it is such a large part of what is expected from them makes it a very crucial skill for a leader to have. Leaders have to not only make the decisions but they also have to know how to†¦show more content†¦This approach is needed as Thomas has already asked the staff to read the book and implement the philosophy, however had no success. With the participative leadership style in this case study, the CEO would ask his leadership team to contribute by gathering opinions and ideas and presenting them however, ultimately Thomas would make the final decision on which idea or recommendation to move forward with. In this autocratic decision-making approach, Thomas would make his decision based of the ideas and recommendation gathered from the division group members, then he would communicate out his decision to division group members and resolve any objections at that time. Buy-in is not seen as an important aspect of making this decision. And actually, it may be counterproductive to involve a lot of people in making the call as in this situation, Thomas wants to see fast results and feels by taking an autocratic participative decision making approach, then this philosophy that he believes in will be implemented in a timely manner. It is the best decision-making approach for this scenario as this approach involves quick action. The CEO is the ruling person while makingShow MoreRelatedLeadership : Leadership And Followership1099 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Followership Both leadership and followership is a continual journey through actions and growth (Stricklin, 2014). Therefore, leaders must seek development opportunities to optimize their effectiveness. In a followership role, leaders learn important skills that enable them to become better leaders. Ironically, the importance of followership is often overlooked. This essay will identify the leadership skills Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, still needs to develop and explore hisRead MoreNurse Roles And Impact Of Nursing767 Words   |  4 Pagesmultifaceted shift in patient care and leadership– business concepts, administrative roles, and patient care continuum. 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In that sense, telenovelas are also another medium through which beliefs in gender can be relayed to the audience, formingRead MoreGood to Great Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesis the enemy of great, is one of the key reasons why we have so little that becomes great. This book is packed with leading edge thinking, understandable examples, and data to support the conclusions. It is a challenge for CEOs, entrepreneurs and leade rs to show evidence of the discipline required to shift their companies from Good to Great. Jim Collins and his research team of 20 compared and contrasted how many companies made the leap to greatness and how other companies didn’t. Based on bundlesRead MoreAuthentic Dissent And The Devil s Advocate1640 Words   |  7 Pagesdifficult when interacting with a devil’s advocate (Nemeth et al., 2001). CONSENSUS DECISION MAKING Consensus decision making method is a process that most managers use. It is proven to work and managers tend to feel comfort in using this method. 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She is aware and knowledgeable of the inevitable changes occurringRead MoreLeadership Of The Public Sector1442 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership in the public sector is not something that is cut and dry, it is something that some people see while others swear doesn’t even exist. In the age of globalization where top talent is highly sought after and leadership qualities are something that every firm desires, it would seem that the public sector needs to boast their leaders just to remain competitive and relevant in the modern business world. In the public sector leadership has been theor ized to be very beneficial in practice howeverRead MoreJean Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Motier882 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame a major General in the United States continental army. Lafayette had developed a strong relationship with George Washington, creating a friendship that would last a lifetime. He undeniably was a key component in securing the victory of the American Revolution. 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By being able to maintain a consistent feeling of autonomy in my workplace duties, I have been able to feel empowered and grow to accomplish my responsibilities and learn to incorporate new innovations. Motivation is undeniably linked to the autonomy and group behavior. As I further analyze how these concepts are related, I will further be able to gauge my strengths, passions, and values as a member of a team and organization. ORIGINAL POST

Much Ado about noting Essay Example For Students

Much Ado about noting Essay Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy dealing with ideas of conventional love and the institution of marriage. The play revolves around the events leading up to the marriage of Claudio and Hero. As the plot unfolds, Claudios disposition towards Hero changes drastically from love to loathing. The essence of Claudios love for Hero seems to be lacking in his actions and speeches. It may be noted that Claudios name is derived from Claudius meaning crippled. 1 Although Much Ado is considered to be a romantic comedy, it comes close to being a dark comedy due to Claudios failure as a lover. At the beginning of the play Don Pedro, prince of Aragon and his officers Claudio and Benedick return from war and are invited to a masquerade at the house of Leonato, governor of Messina. Upon his return, Claudio immediately falls in love with Leonatos daughter, Hero. In a private talk with Benedick and Don Pedro, Claudio praises Hero claiming, she is the sweetest lady that ever I looked on. (I, I, 181) While this new love for Hero appears suspicious, Claudio reassures his love stating, I looked upon her with a soldiers eye But now I am returned and that war-thoughts have left their places vacant, in their rooms. (I, I, 288) Though Claudio appears honest with his words, it is then discovered that Claudio is also interested in her wealth when he asks if Leonato has any sons to which Don Pedro replies that Hero is his only heir. Claudios conflicting words pose the question of whether he truly loves Hero or if he is just in it for the money. Claudios first interaction with Hero is at the masquerade. Don Pedro has agreed to woo Hero on his behalf. With Don Pedro succeeding and Leonatos consent, Claudio is given Heros hand in marriage. After an awkward silence between the two, Heros cousin Beatrice urges Claudio to speak saying it is his cue. Claudio proceeds: Silence is the perfectest herald of joy. I were but little happy if I could say how much. Lady as you are mine, I am yours. I give away myself for you and dote upon the exchange. (II, I, 303) For a man who claims to be in love, his first words to his lover are not very romantic. His words are not very poetic nor do they reflect her physicality which he praised earlier on. Despite his earlier claims Claudio does not appear to be sexually attracted to Hero, yet he is given permission to marry her. In addition Hero does not response to his speech nor did she have any say in the marriage. Towards the end of the play Don John, bastard brother of Don Pedro stages a scene between his servant Borachio making love to Heros maid Margaret dressed up in her clothing. Claudio and Don Pedro witness this scene and are convinced that Hero is cheating on Claudio. The day of the wedding is Claudio at his worst. It is bad enough that Claudio publicly humiliates her, but to do it on her wedding day is just cruel. Claudio emotionally proclaims, She knows the heat of a luxurious bed; her blush his guiltiness, not modesty. (IV, I, 39) implying that Hero is nothing but a whore. It is interesting that he displays more emotion denouncing her than praising her. One critic believes Claudios harshest terms are the ones said to Leonato, Give not this rotten orange to your friend. (IV, I, 31) 2 His speech is so extreme that Hero faints. Claudio leaves the church without looking back. .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df , .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df .postImageUrl , .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df , .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df:hover , .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df:visited , .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df:active { border:0!important; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df:active , .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c27fcf40358f2e76a1f8c382bebf7df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Anthology EssayThe metamorphosis of Claudio from a poor love-sick puppy to a cruel almost inhuman being is the most disturbing aspect of Much Ado. Claudio finds out that he and Don Pedro have mistaken Margaret for Hero. At this point he thinks Hero had died from his slandering. To clear her name, Claudio must write an epitaph for Hero and marry her unwed cousin. Done to death by slanderous tongues was the Hero that here lies; death in guerdon of her wrongs, gives her fame which never dies. So the life that died with shame lives in death with glorious fame. (V, iii, 3) Heros epitaph, like Claudios first words to her lack substance. There is hardly anything in the epitaph about her and certainly nothing about his involvement. His words suggest that he does not feel even the smallest shred of sorrow or remorse. If Much Ado About Nothing is regarded as a dark comedy, Claudio is reason. His failure as a conventional lover and as a human being are the cause of this disturbing aspect. Poet Andrew Lang regards Claudio as the real villain of the play. References 1. Wikipedia, Much Ado About Nothing, http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing, October 18, 2009.

To see how long it takes the size of a hot object to cool down Essay Example

To see how long it takes the size of a hot object to cool down Essay Planning: I will make sure I devise a fair test by doing things correctly and fairly. The only variable I will be obtaining will be the temperature of the water at 80oc, and I will make sure it is fair by testing it with a thermometer. I will also make sure it is a fair test by adding more water into the bigger beakers because it wont all fit into the smaller ones so that will give the smaller beakers a fair chance as well, and I will measure the water in a measuring cylinder to make it fair.I will also make sure I devise a fair test by using a stopwatch to record the result every 30 seconds up to 2minutes, because it is more reliable and accurate. I will make sure it is fair when we record the results because when we get the temperature I will get a second opinion of my friend. I will also make sure my experiment is safe in all the possible ways I can. I will make sure we are safe by wearing rubber gloves just in case we spill some boiling water on our hands.Prediction: I predict th at the bigger the beaker the faster it will cool, and the smaller the beaker the longer it will take to cool. I know this because of the Food Theory, the theory tells me that if there was a plate with a pile of hot food on it, it will take quite long for it to cool down, where as if you were to break that pile of hot food into smaller pieces of food then it will cool down much quicker because when you break it up you are giving it a bigger surface area so heat can escape around the sides, top and bottom. So therefore I think the same will happen with the beakers, but the bigger the beaker is obviously going to have a bigger surface area than the smaller beakers, where as in the theory the smaller food pieces have a bigger surface area than the pile of food, but that is because you cant break the beakers into pieces.Apparatus:* 4 different sized beakers* Water at 80oc* Kettle* Thermometer* Rubber Gloves* Stop watch* Pen Paper (for results)Method: First of all I got the equipment, wh ich consists of 4 different sized beakers, a thermometer, a kettle, measuring cylinder and some water. Then I put the kettle on, when the water was boiled up to 80oc I measured it in the measuring cylinder and put the correct amount of water into the correct beaker, then we waited and every 30 seconds on the stop watch, we then measured the temperature of the water in the 4 beakers with a thermometer, then we recorded them on paper and plotted some graphs.Numbers and range: In total I will have 4 results for the 4 different sized beakers and for each beaker I will have two readings, and I will record the results every 30 seconds and at the end of all the results I will take away 2 minutes from 0 seconds for the first reading of the first beaker then I will do the same to the second reading for the first beaker then I will add them both and divide them by two which will give me an overall average for the first beaker, and I will carry that on for the next 3 beakers, in the end I shou ld end up with 4 different averages with which I will plot a graph. Here are the 4 different beakers:BEAKER 1: The biggest with 150ml of waterBEAKER 2: The second biggest with 100ml of waterBEAKER 3: The third biggest with 75ml of waterBEAKER 4: The fourth biggest with 50ml of waterSafety: I will try and make my experiment safe by firstly wearing rubber gloves in case we spill the boiling water, secondly by consulting a teacher before and after we set up the experiment.CONCLUSIONCalculation: I calculated my averages by working out the difference between 2 minutes and 0 seconds for the first beaker and the first reading, then I did the first beaker and second reading, I then added the sums together and divided them by 2, to give me an average. I did this for the 3 other beakers as well. So I ended up with 4 overall averages.Pattern: I would say that a pattern did occur in both of my graphs, as you can see in the graphs labelled result 1 and result 2all the lines go from a high temper ature to a low one which shows that the temperatures did drop after some time, which was meant to happen, but then you see on graph result 1 the order from top to bottom is: beaker 1, beaker 4, beaker 2, beaker 3, which proves my prediction wrong about the bigger the beaker the faster it will cool, because beaker 4 is the smallest beaker and it cooled down faster than beaker 2 and 3, and also it starts off with beaker 1 which it should have, then it jumps straight to beaker4 which should be last, but then it carrys on as normal; beaker 2 and then beaker 3, so I think there was a problem within beaker 4. In the graph result 2 you can see the order from top to bottom is: beaker 3, beaker 1, beaker 2, beaker 4, so beaker 3 should be third but you can see that the rest is in order, so beaker 1, beaker 2, then it should have been beaker 3, then beaker 4, so I think there was a problem within beaker 3. In the graph labelled averages I think it all goes pear shaped, because the points are so far apart from each other, which made it harder for me to draw the line of best fit, you can also see the averages in order from highest temperature to lowest temperature is: beaker 2, beaker 4, beaker 1, beaker 3, so I think that because the averages have turned out like that and not how I expected which was beaker 1,2,3 and then 4, I think that the whole experiment must have went wrong from start to end.Evaluation: In my experiment I found that most of my results were quite off key, in the graphs result 1 and result 2 the orders were only one out of order. Then when it came to the graph labelled averages the order was completely wrong to what I predicted, I predicted the bigger the beaker the faster it will cool, if that happened the order would have been beaker 1, 2, 3, and then 4, but because it went wrong it turned out beaker 2, 4, 1 and then 3. if you look at the graph result 1 the problem was beaker 4, and in the graph result 2 the problem was beaker 3, I dont have a clue why those problems occurred, and by looking at the average I think I could have improved my experiment by doing it all over again but much more carefully this time round.

Unilevers Personal Care Products

Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze Unilever’s Personal Care Products, review data with TOWS matrix, PESTLE, and VIRO analysis, competitive analysis using competitive perceptual map, segmentation strategy and buying behaviors for each segment, corporate and marketing strategies to reach target market and discuss product life cycle along with investment strategy and business level strategy for each SBU.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Unilever’s Personal Care Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Company Background A leading global manufacturer of packaged consumer goods, Unilever started its formal journey in 1930 through the merger of Lever Brothers and Margarine Unie; however, eleven of its brands had annual profits worldwide of more than $1.0 billion (Deighton 1 and Graul 13). According to the annual report 2011 of this company, it has more than 171,000 efficient employees a ll over the world and it has plan to double the size of the company in the near future, which would help the company to implement expansion plan of the company. Graul (14) stated that personal care is one of the segments of Unilever, which competes directly with Procter Gamble; however, the following figure shows that Unilever occupied about 7.8% global personal products industry. Figure 1: Global Personal Products Market Share Source: Graul (35)Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dove Deighton (1) stated that Dove was the world’s number-one â€Å"cleansing† brand of this company by competing with Procter and Gamble’s Ivory, Kao’s Jergens, and other related products; however, it was launched in 1957 and contained high levels of natural skin moisturizers. According to the annual report 2011 of this company, the management team conducted research and integrated marketing campaign to position this brand in global market and became market leader in personal care sector; therefore, sales of Dove exceeded â‚ ¬3.0 billion in 2011, underlying sales growth was 8.20%, and turnover was more than â‚ ¬15.50 billion. At the same time, Deighton (1) pointed out that Unilever interviewed 3,000 respondents of ten countries to assess their view to develop effective marketing plan and media plan, enhance relationship with customer and conduct IMC campaign. Axe Unilever launched Axe in France in 1983 and expanded business with this brand in more than 60 countries; however, this brand captured about 20% market share of male grooming brand in all continents (Joachimsthaler 16). This brand controlled a whopping 83% share of the $180.0 million market in 2005; On the other hand, the target market of this brand was 18 to 24 years old men and this target group played vital role to become number one brands in the US and European market; However, 3 5% of young men aged eleven to twenty-four used Axe’s summer; According to the annual report 2011, value market shares up overall with strong gains in the US market; Unilever developed new products using brang awareness of Axe, for example, the fragrance variant Essence was created and introduced in 2003 and Touch ‘modern, fresh, watery, woody fragrance’ introduced in the summer of 2004 (Joachimsthaler 21). Rexona Unilever considered Rexona as one of the most prominent and wing brands for this company and the world’s largest deodorant brands; in addition, this company launched Motionsense technology in 2011 with this brand (Unilever 10). Other renowned personal care brands are – Lux: Lux soaps are one of the best selling products of Unilever, which have a wide range of forms, such as flakes, bars, and liquids (all of which are gentle to skin as Unilever conforms to all product safety regulations) Sunsilk: Chiefly intended for females, this is the globe’s foremost brand in hair-conditioning and the second-largest in shampoo market, and is sold in sixty- nine nations globally Close-up: It is also one of the most profitable toothpaste-brands that claims to keep teeth whiter, brighter and stronger; moreover, it is the first gel toothpaste in the world, which was brought in market in 1967 Lifebuoy: It was launched in the UK in 1895, which today has the maximum market-penetration in the soap product group (almost ninety- one percent); moreover, it is reasonable and easily available to assist global communities to develop cleanliness Fair lovely: Karnani (2) stated that Unilever marketed a skin whitening cream ‘Fair Lovely,’ and it is profitable and fast growing brand; however, 90% of Indian women want to use whiteners though it contains harmful chemicals; Clear Shampoo: Unilever launched its hair care product ‘Clear’ and developed this product with unique ingredients to effectively eliminate dand ruff with every wash and it has already sold in 42 countries; TOWS Matrix for Unilever The table below shows the TOWS Matrix for Unilever by scrutinizing its present position and future prospects throughout the global market:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Unilever’s Personal Care Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More TOWS Matrix Strengths – S Weaknesses – W Strong brand image Wide range of services Impressive technological infrastructure Poor association with consumers Incompetent organization of products Plunging profits Opportunities – O SO – Strategies WO – Strategies Increasing demands for healthy products Prospects of entering new markets 1. Making investments to developing healthy products with its strong technological-infrastructure 1. Entering new markets to raise profits Threats – T ST – Strategies WT – Strateg ies 1. Eurozone crisis 2. Increased Competition 1. Further strengthening brand-image by advertisements to gain advantage over competitors 1. Reorganising product-portfolio to cope with crisis Table 6: TOWS Matrix of Unilever Source: Self generated PESTLE analysis Political Factors Unilever concentrates on political factors (unstable political position, hostile government attitude, tax policy, etc.) and set a standard or tactical way of handling political issues to create favorable business environment to sustain national and international market, for instance, it uses experience and goodwill to bargain with government to change policy towards foreign companies, new entrants, tax exemption and so on. Economic Factors The main economic concerns are the purchasing power of the customer falls significantly all over the world, customers reluctant to buy expensive product, the personal care business environment becomes extremely competitive in European market for EU free trade policy , and uncertainty about duties due to inflation and fluctuation of currency. Socio-cultural factors The company is very much committed to ensure conformity with its corporate social responsibility guidelines that highly focuses on endorsing social and cultural factors in its operational areas; for example, it is working to improve hygiene and better nutrition to people in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and recruiting about 100 nationalities to ensure diversity in workplace. Technological factors The company is investing more on its IT infrastructure to enhance its business particularly in e-business; moreover, the company is also trying to diminish cost through IT-efficiencies at international level; additionally, Unilever Technology Venture works in partnership with Unilever RD group to meet consumers’ demands in areas of genomics, advanced bioscience, advanced materials science and nanotechnology Legal factors According to the annual report, the company is bound to follow the provincial and international laws, especially legislation regarding product-safety, product-claims, patents, competition, corporate governance, employment and so on, as inability to conform to these can expose Unilever to lawsuits leading to damages, fines, and criminal-sanctions with potential harm to its commercial statusAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Environmental factors The company is extremely cautious to ensure environmentally friendly production process by focusing on sustainable solutions. The following figure shows the company’s sustainable drives from 1995 to 2010: Figure 5: Eco-friendly activities from 1995 to 2010 Source: Generated from Unilever (2) The following figure demonstrates the company’s greenhouse gas footprint: Figure 5: Greenhouse gas footprint of Unilever Source: Generated from Unilever (19) The chart below illustrates the company’s water footprint: Figure 5: Water footprint of Unilever Source: Unilever (23) VIRO Analysis Unilever has raised its value over the rivals, but its resources are imitable and the competencies are rare; however, the following table evaluates its position: Valuable: Imitable: Rare: Organized: Competitive inference: Economic-performance Strong/ Weak Unilever is capable of utilizing opportunities and defusing threats with the resources and competencies It is easy to imitate the resources and competencies The resources and competencies are in the control of few people Unilever is organized to some extent in utilizing the resources Short- term competitive advantage Above usual standard Strong and unique proficiency Table 6: VIRO framework for Unilever Source: Self generated Competitive Perceptual Map Mullins, Orville and Harper (325) stated that customers may have limited knowledge the necessary physical attributes of the brands, but they6 can purchase or using considering competitive offerings; in addition, perceptual positioning is important factor since many customers may not bother with brand’s physical characteristics. Mullins, Orville and Harper (325) further addressed that it gives a visual representation of the positions of various products or brands that show the differences and similarities in perceptions; however, it is essential for the companies to find out determinant attributes to prepare poisoning map to help the customers to evaluate competing brands. Most of the time, Unilever collects data about customer’s perceptions for goods and uses value along with quality of the products as determinant attributes so far customers can select right one; however, the following figure shows perceptual mapping for personal care products – Figure 1: Perceptual Mapping for personal care products Source: Self generated BCG’s Market Growth Share Matrix The following figure illustrates growth share matrix of Unilever and identifies key competitiveness including brand image, innovation, technologies, and large market share of national and international market (Cescau and Richard 7). Figure 1: Growth Share Matrix of Unilever Source: Cescau and Richard (7) Segmentation Strategy and Buying Behaviours for Each Segment The graph below illustrates the buying behaviour of the customers through the operating margin in particular segments. In personal care segment, there is a fixed customer base providing sound buying behaviour, in home care segment, there is random buying tendency with declining drift in 2010 and 2011, in foods segment, there is a variable customer base with highest sales in 2008, and in refreshment segment, there is an irregular buying behaviour with better sales than 2004. Figure 5: Buying behaviour Source: Unilever (4) Segments Buying Behaviours Segmentation Strategy Personal Care Stable customer base ensuring steady buying behaviour Segmenting the market based on gender; for example, different soaps or deodorants for men and women Home Care Fluctuating buying behaviour with falling trend Segmenting the market by focusing on people ageing 25 or above; for example, by formulating advertisements for home care products by only targeting adults Foods Variable buying pattern with increasing trend Unilever should try to segment the market by income levels; for example, by offering diversely priced food items Refreshment Irregular customer bas e This market should be segmented by age, with especial focus on promotions targeted at children Table 6: Segmentation strategy and buying behaviours Source: Self generated Corporate and Marketing Strategies to Reach Target Market in a Segment To reach the target market in the personal care segment, Unilever follows the corporate strategies of targeting a mass-market (by attracting a wide variety of customers in numerous demographic groups) and being a cost leader (by offering lower prices than that of the competitors). The marketing strategies to reach the target market includes bringing out new-products, spreading out circulation and product supply, entering into new foreign-markets, and spending more on promotional activities. Origin of Need for New Product/Service Based On PESTLE The origin of need for new product is the demand of consumers in the areas of genomics, advanced-bioscience, advanced-materials-science, and nanotechnology; moreover, as suggested in the technologica l factors of the PESTLE-analysis, Unilever-Technology-Venture works in partnership with Unilever research and development group to meet consumers’ demands in those areas; this has led the company to bring out innovations like Men+Care. Most importantly, Unilever (4) pointed out that the new product range under the Men+ Care has raised the turnover above thirty percent Product Portfolio Analysis Personal Care: According to the annual report 2011 of this company, personal care consists of skin care (Dove, Lux, Fair Lovely) and daily hair care products (Clear, Sunsilk, etc.), deodorants (Axe, Rexona) and oral care products, Personal Care 2011 ($ million) 2010 ($ million) % change Turnover 15,471 13,767 12.4 Operating profit 2,536 2,296 10.5 Operating margin (%) 18.0 18.0 – Sales growth (%) 8.2 6.4 Volume growth (%) 4.2 7.9 Effect of price changes (%) 3.8 (1.4) Table 1: Financial overview of Personal Care segment Source: Unilever 23 Home Care: Dish w ash (VIM), Fabric softeners, Fabric wash, Household cleaner, and Mosquito coil Foods: Beverages, Margarine, Snack, Seasoning, and Other products Refreshment: Ice cream and drinks brands, weight-management products, and tea-based beverages, for instance, Lipton is one of the world’s great refreshment brands Product life cycle Unilever possesses a huge number of personal care products, but the leading products are Lux, Dove, Sunsilk, Lifebuoy, Clear, Axe, Men+Care, Rexona and Close- up; moreover, according to Management Paradise (1), Lux and Dove is in the maturity stage of the lifecycle. Although Sunsilk was heading towards the maturity stage, introduction of fresh fragrances and new packaging together with new features has raised the sales, putting it in the growth stage (Unilever, 8). In addition, Lifebuoy, Clear, Axe, Rexona, and Close- up all are in the maturity stage, with the highest profits generated from Axe; however, Men+Care, being a new product range, is in the int roduction stage. SBU Analysis investment strategy Figure 1: growth priorities into investment plans Source: Cescau and Richard (12) Business level strategy for each SBU With 12 brands that each goes above 1b Euro yearly sales, Unilever’s growth has sustained because its cost leadership strategy in all of its SBUs; in addition, in each SBU Unilever maintains adequate differentiation; moreover, Unilever is the leader in five of six food-segments and two of six segments in Home and Personal Care, and it holds the second position in two of the six Home and Personal Care segments Works Cited Cescau, Patrick and Richard Rivers. Unilever’s Growth Strategy. 2010. Web. http://www.unilever.com/images/ir_1.2_growth_strategy_slides_rivers_1303_ppt_tcm13-86707.pdf. Deighton, John. 2008. Dove: Evolution of a Brand. PDF file. http://www.hbsp.harvard.edu.. Graul, Lee Ann. 2006. Procter Gamble, Unilever and the Personal Products Industry. 2006. PDF file. http://info.umuc.edu/mba/ep/P resentation/EP_Olp/data/GSA.pdf. Joachimsthaler, Erich. 2012. Formulating a Strategic Blueprint for Action. PDF file. www.harvardbusiness.org/press. Karnani, Aneel. 2007. Case Study: ‘Fair Lovely’ Whitening Cream. PDF file. http://www.un.org/esa/coordination/DWDG.Fair.Lovely.SMJ.pdf. Management Paradise. Lux- A Comprehensive Study. 2009. Web. http://www.managementparadise.com/forums/marketing-management/139305-lux-comprehensive-study.html Mullins, John. Orville Walker. Harper Boyd. Marketing. PDF file. http://www.burgesscompany.com/mba/h17mkcoursetext.pdf. Scribd. Strategic Marketing Planning. 2010. Web. http://www.scribd.com/doc/29438236/21739056-Strategic-Marketing-Planning. Uhmhoabhi, Fredrick Albert. Pestle analysis: a report on Unilever. PDF file. http://www.codewit.info/articles/Uhmhoabhi20172045.pdf. Unilever. 2011. Annual report 2011 of Unilever. PDF file. http://www.unilever.com/images/uslp-Unilever_Sustainable_Living_Plan_Progress_Report_2011_tcm13-284779.p df. Unilever. 2011. Unilever Charts 2011. PDF file. http://www.unilever.com/images/Unilever_AR11_tcm13-282960.pdf. Unilever. 2011. Unilever Sustainable Living Plan. PDF file. http://www.unilever.com/images/uslp-Unilever_Sustainable_Living_Plan_Progress_Report_2011_tcm13-284779.pdf. This essay on Unilever’s Personal Care Products was written and submitted by user GhostRider to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biotechnology essays

Biotechnology essays Biotechnology can be used to help humans. As essayist Cecie Starr and Ralph Taggart write biotechnology can be used to cure rare diseases. Biotechnology can be used to help any form of life from plants to animals and even food. For more than three billion years, nature has been conducting uncountable numbers of genetic experiments. Biotechnology is a specific science that lets us find the most beneficial traits of any living life form. Researchers use recombinant DNA technology to look at genetic changes. Recombinant DNA lets laboratory specialist cut DNA from different species and put the molecules from it into bacteria or other types of cells. Researchers also use genetic engineering when doing their homophone experiments. Genetic engineering means to isolate, modify and insert genes back into the same organism or back into a different one. This technology originated with bacteria. Bacterial cells have a single chromosome that has all the genes they need to have to grow and reproduce. But a lot of species also have something called plasmids. Plasmids are small molecules of DNA that have genes in them. Restriction enzymes are able to recognize and cut apart a foreign DNA that can enter a cell. This can help fight off viruses because it can find bad DNA and reject it. Every living thing from the simplest to the most sophisticated has a genetic code that lets you know what kind of traits it will have. Restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms, or RFLPs, give lab geneticists another way of seeing human inheritance. Not only can they track the route of physical traits or disease through a family, but they can follow the way of genetic material by tracking RFLPs through generations if they have DNA from all the family members. To find a particular gene, geneticists look for RFLPs that are always inherited with it. Genes on a chromosome have one ...

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Discussion - Essay Example The arguments against using these measures to fight unionization are that the organization can take a role which has more empathy and understanding more than anything else. The actions are indeed extreme as they deal with the jobs and relations of the employees on the job. I believe most managers would find a way to deal with their employees in a more honest way and come out in a clean manner. They would not find an excuse to do away with the aspect of unionization that has been a source of bane at the organization. Most managers would discuss these aspects with their employees and find a common ground so that they do not lose out on a number of different organizational counts. In essence, I would do the same things and make myself clear before deciding what course of action to adopt in the long run. I am of the view that being truthful about one’s dealings in the organization is essential. Managers have a duty to avoid unionization especially if the organization does not believe in such a philosophy but it is always good to come out cleanly for the betterment of the business and the relationships that develop between the managers and their subordinates. Employees join unions because they believe unions would raise their voice as a whole and in a collective fashion. Therefore I would agree with the truth of the statement more than disagreeing with it. However I believe that the element of unionization has been blown out of contexts in the recent years and unions are not as strong (negatively) as these used to be in the yesteryears. Now unions are all about bringing in collective good, not only for the sake of the organization but also for their own selves (Edwards 2003). I agree with this statement because it offers the employees a sense of security with regards to the basis of their jobs, and tells them in what stead their

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Accounting - Essay Example d rebounded from the 2008 crisis through an increase of its inventory turnover from 13.51 in 2008 to 19.06 in 2010, Toyota increased from 10.63 in 2008 to 11.73 in 2010. Honda had a decrease from 7.17 in the year 2008 to 7.08 in 2010. Based on FIFO numbers, ford had an increase on its inventory turnover from 2008-2010 by 4.3 and Toyota by 0.89. Turnover drop based on reported and FIFO numbers for Ford remained constant. Ford had highest gross margin increase from 2008-2010 of 11.63% based on reported numbers. Toyota and Honda companies had same increase of 1.41 from 2008-2010. Similarly, ford had the highest increase in profit margin by 17.66 %, Toyota by 6.08% and Honda by 5.44%. Based on FIFO numbers, ford profit margin increased from 2008-2010 by 17.72%, Toyota by 5.9% and Honda by 5.98%. Ford was majorly affected by adjustments from LIFO to FIFO. Adjustments caused ford inventory increase from 3.57% to 4.10%. Gross margin increased from 12.43% to 12.49%. Consequently, the profit margin increased by 0.06%. This adjustment also affected where its inventories increased by 0.19%, had no effect on gross margin but profit margin increased by

Weaknesses and Strengths of Nepolean as a Military Leader Research Paper

Weaknesses and Strengths of Nepolean as a Military Leader - Research Paper Example In this paper, we have made an effort to converge his strengths and weaknesses as a leader of his army and a warrior of repute. While skimming through his speeches, it is clearly revealed that he never tried to find a middle ground as a General and instructed his forces to act suitably even amidst serious crisis. Thus, dominance and bravery are two of the most important features of the force and power which made him a military leader. These characteristics also helped him to rise to fame in most of his military expeditions. The other quality that engraved his name in history and the reason for which he is being idolized often is his incessant ability to work for infinite hours and his rigid will to succeed. These features worked wonders and allowed him to inspire his army while laying siege in foreign nations. In one of his proclamations to the soldiers during the invasion in Italy, he said that the greatest qualities of a soldier are faithfulness and discipline and then comes bravery. The use of such words augments his traits as a warrior and the above-mentioned words as expressed by Napoleon unravel his br avery and daring attitude in full force as he said: â€Å"Soldiers : Behold your colors! These eagles will always be your rallying point†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Swear to sacrifice your lives to defend them, and by your courage to keep them constantly in the path of victory. Swear!†(Napoleon’s Addresses – 1804) As a matter of fact, he displayed his capacity to work for three to four days in a stretch without sleeping or resting. The violent and brutal approach adopted by him was undoubtedly the most appropriate qualities required for envisaging success. Therefore, Napoleon’s envision was victory and he devoted himself fully towards his job as a leader of the army that also enthralled his forces to execute their duties with equal devotion and sincerity. Besides this, his power of organization was marvelous, which can be deciphered from his work and

Promoting A Healthy Environment For Children Education Essay

Promoting A Healthy Environment For Children Education Essay The proportion of children living in poverty grew from 1 in 10 in 1979 to 1 in 3 in 1998. 30% of children live in poverty in the UK The UK has one of the worse rates of child poverty in the industrialized world Source: www.endchildpoverty.org.uk June 2007 The majority of sleep experts advise parents to abruptly withdraw their attention at bedtime-with no mention of teaching a child self-soothing skills. But many parents are looking for help after having shared their bed or assisted their child to fall asleep for months or even years. When children are abruptly expected to fall asleep without any assistance it sets the scene for the all too familiar nightly bedtime battle. If parents consistently ignore their childrens anguished pleas for attention, after weeks of tears and tantrums, children will eventually begin to fall asleep on their own. But in the same amount of time, parents could have avoided the battles-by teaching their children to relax themselves to sleep while gradually and systematically decreasing their attention. Routine helps establish many aspects of healthy living good ways of life and good behaviour. Even the smallest structure is necessary in day-to-day life. Children want and even need routine and there are lots of ways to get them going byestablishing a schedule that works for al the family. There are so many positive side effects for starting to use strong routines for children. Children do not have a lot of control in their lives and it gives them a sense of organization, steadiness and comfort. This helps develop healthier behaviour and a sense of personal control. Doing things like bathing and brushing teeth as part of morning or nighttime routines can help establish good personal hygiene and health habits. Having built in chore time somewhere in the week or day, having them help pick up at the end of dinner or tidy up the house at the end of a day of playing establishes responsibility and work ethic. Mealtime When it is time to eat it is a perfect time to start good habits. Eating habits, particularly. Always eat breakfast, Lunch and tea, but at set times and with structure for children so there are no surprises and the length between eating isnt so great that hunger takes over the family. That can lead to irritability or impulse snacking and dinner wrecking. Set standards for when snacking can take place and what kinds of foods are eaten. Dont indulge or give in for food whenever a child wants something. The results should always be equal good eating and good eating habits. Mealtimes are a good time to instil family into the children. Always try to find some time to sit down together, preferably at a table, to talk and eat. Also, have children help get dinner started, set the table and clean up afterward to plant a bit of responsibility. A1 My role as an Early Years Practitioner would be to assist with the promotion of health and well-being of children and help maintain a healthy environment for children. I may be responsible for organising a room and making sure that policies and procedures are being followed and recorded. I would have to cater for their needs as young children; developmentally, physically and socially. This would be ensure that I am promoting and maintaining a healthy environment for all children. It is also important that you learn by experiencing and learning from the experiences of others. In my role I would have to plan and provide a caring and stimulating environment that is appropriate for individual children and enables children to reach their full potential and to work within the Children Act and local guidelines, legislation and standards and ensure that Child Protection policies and procedures are adhered to at all times. I would have to plan and prepare exciting play opportunities that meet the childrens developmental needs and stimulates their learning. I would also participate in supervision and staff development processes in support of promoting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle and environment and to undertake training as appropriate to meet any changes in standards or appropriate legal requirements as required. In reviewing and reflection of any issues is an important aspect of a practitioner and to review where, why, how, when, etc. The reflective cycle as developed by Gibbs allows you to think about what you have done, how well it went, get feedback from others and consider alternatives. The reflective cycle is broken down into 6 units 1. Description -what happened 2. Feelings 3. Evaluation Analysis conclusion and finally Action plan what will you do next time. The practitioner should also evaluate their own learning and performance. This can be done through Professional development and discussions with the line manager and other practitioners. For example: Share examples of your practice discuss Get ideas of other practices Visit other practices and observe, discuss. Make sure you keep up to date with current practices Articles in magazines, books, training, etc In house or external training Additional qualifications, etc Observe children / observe other practitioners Planning Childs next steps Try new things Trial and error is also an important reflection and to review how things happen. But in all cases, the safety of children is paramount. Experience is the most important issue and to understand that as an new trainee or new nursery nurse, you dont know everything. That you learn by experiencing and learning from the experiences of others. I would also have to keep in touch with new initiatives that are promoted and keep on top of new legislation.

Reward and Motivation Essay -- essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to write about roles of reward systems in the 10th Security Forces Squadron (SFS) located at the United States Air Force Academy. I will discuss whether I believe in the current reward system and whether the reward system motivates employees to achieve the unit’s organization goals. Moreover, from my opinion, I will discus whether employees are satisfied with the current reward system and what I would do to improve the current system to make more effective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currently, the 10th Security Forces Squadron has many reward systems in place. One of which is a 100 percent tuition assistance program (TA) for all active duty military members who attend college. Tuition assistance helps motivate all types of active duty military members to complete their college degree with hardly any out of pocket expenses to the military member. Even though the TA program is widely disseminated throughout the Air Force Academy, not many members in the 10 SFS take advantage of TA. Many of the members at the 10th SFS work 12 to 14 hour shifts and these shifts vary every week creating the issue of not having set days off, therefore, creating schedule conflicts. Moreover, when reading further into TA, what’s not widely disseminated is that there is a capitation for the cost of college that the government will pay. Beginning October 1, 2002, TA will be capitated at $3,400, meaning if an active duty military member uses the complete total of $3,400 in less than one year, that military member will have to find a way to pay for the rest of his or her college until the next fiscal year, which is from October to October. Many employees in the 10th SFS are young troops that live in the dorm. The question has been asked at dorm meeting why the troops do not take advantage of TA and the response that troops do not want to pay any out of pocket expense because they cannot afford books and tuition, has been overwhelming. The second reason for not going to college and using TA was shift work that most troops have to endure. Most of the troops flight chiefs will work with a school schedule; however, the flight chief cannot guarantee that the military member can be let off work to attend every class. Therefore, most troops feel that TA and college is too much trouble and do not want to bother with it. A second form of reward is fringe comp... ...A and complete a college program.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fringe benefit of time could not be better. Making recommendations on improving the system would be difficult at this point and time. Since, the program is new and working very well, it is very hard to say what would make the system work better. As of now, the people in the 10th SFS are showing better customer service base wide, increased work production, decreased stress on day-to-day issues and increase quality of work. Currently, I could not make any recommendations to make the system better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout this paper we’ve discussed two different types of benefits that the 10th SFS offers to their employees, how these benefits work with the unit and how the reward affect the people in the unit. I have made recommendation on bettering one system but could not make any suggestions for the other. I hope this paper has been able to give the reader a clear understanding of the 10th SFS reward and motivation program that are offered. Reference   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martoccho, J. (2001). Employee Motivation and Compensation. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.

Philip Larkin’s Poetry Essay

In what ways does Larkin’s poetry show his attitude to death? In Philip Larkin’s poetry there is a profound sense of unease about death. Larkin, throughout his poetry, obviously contemplates the inevitable end that is death. In his poetry Larkin uses great observational skills, noting and writing about everyday circumstances in cinematic detail. With death, though, Larkin has nothing to observe. He cannot draw any precise conclusions about something that he has not directly experienced. I think, therefore, that Larkin shows a fear of death through his poetry, but also a deep fascination with it. I intend to show Larkin’s attitude to death through a number of his poems. In these poems Larkin certainly does show a fascination with death, but hopefully I will also show that Larkin’s attitude is not completely negative and that Larkin may see that death can have a redeeming end. The first poem from my selection that I will use is â€Å"ËÅ"Ambulances’, a poem where even the title suggests relation to death. In â€Å"ËÅ"Ambulances’ the emphasis is definitely placed upon death, the first line actually hints upon Larkin’s attitude to death. He begins by setting a very sombre image within the reader’s mind, saying â€Å"Closed like confessionals†Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  An almost dooming phrase. The instant image given by this one line is dread. Most people dread going to confession and the thought of disclosing one’s secrets and sins can make it seem even more daunting. Larkin actually had no love for religion, in fact it was quite the opposite, and the comparison made between ambulances and confessionals can actually be seen as an attack on ambulances, showing that they are a front, concealing the inevitable. The comment upon the path that they take â€Å"†Ã‚ ¦they thread Loud noons of cities† may be used to represent death being everywhere, and like a thread it is woven into our lives. One may also see a religious reference within this phrase, showing that God who is supposedly with us always is now replaced with death looming over us. Even amongst the vibrancy and lively atmosphere of the city, perhaps even a rush hour, death still looms. We see Larkin’s great observation; he almost absorbs everything he sees, † †¦ giving back None of the glances they absorb. Light glossy grey, arms on a plaque.† Larkin sees as ambulances as representing death, which takes life, carrying it off but never returning it. He also shows not only his own fascination with death, but also the fascination all people have. Whenever people see the ambulance they immediately stare. The imagery of death as Light glossy grey, arms on a plaque and They come to rest on any kerb creates an impression upon the reader making them look at their own mortality and they realise that death is the one truth we all must encounter Larkin is bleakly honest when he says â€Å"All streets in time are visited†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This clearly shows that death is also common in all places and paints a picture for the reader to understand. â€Å"Then children strewn on steps or road, Or women coming from the shops Past smells of different dinners†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Larkin takes everyday chores experiences and relates them to death, showing how commonplace death is. The image of children being ‘strewn’ reflects the randomness of death. An image is evoked from the reader of bodies scattered and strewn after death has finally reached them. Even the youthful cannot escape death, children are susceptible. â€Å"†¦ see A wild white face that overtops Red stretcher blankets momently As it is carried and stowed† The use of enjambment rushes the reader through the lines and ives a sense of panic at the sight of this person being taken away. The use of the word â€Å"ËÅ"stowed’ shows that the body is just like an object being stowed away, an unimportant â€Å"ËÅ"thing’. Larkin then describes death as â€Å"the solving emptiness†. Life is seen as having such a meaningless nature and that death is there and â€Å"†¦lies just under all we do.† Death constantly threatens us in everything we do. This shows the fragility of human life. â€Å"And for a second get it whole, So permanent and blank and true.† This truth is inescapable, the repetition of ‘and’ drags out this whole meaning. The  utter truth is that death is forever, like the ambulances, we do not return. Larkin shows that people think of death, but when they see the truth that death holds it frightens them and they place it in the back of their minds. This is shown when he says â€Å"The fastened doors recede †¦Ã¢â‚¬  These fastened doors are the doors of the mind closed to what they don’t want to know, what they cannot possibly comprehend. As the body was stowed the people whisper â€Å"poor thing† but â€Å"at their own distress â€Å". These people do know that all streets in time are visited, including their own. When anything bad occurs, one naturally reacts by comparing the situation to one’s own life. We are sympathetic but naturally selfish. We all see death, including Larkin, as an image of a â€Å"..sudden shut of loss Round something nearly at an end†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The shut of the ambulance doors represents death closing in around life that is â€Å"nearly at an end†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Larkin’s language when he describes death as ‘something’ gives it anonymity life no longer has a source of meaning because Larkin sees death to be a stronger power which overpowers life. Death removes the uniqueness and identity of life; everyone comes to the same end. â€Å"And what cohered in it across The years, the unique random blend Of families and fashions there At least begin to loosen.† Larkin could be referring to the mix of genes we have inherited over the years and that death can loosen this blend. This also shows that we are ‘unreachable’ by anything but death. â€Å"The traffic parts to let go by†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This shows the traditional respect for the sick and the dead. This respect has been built up through the fear of death. I know that this is true to me, personally and obviously to Larkin also. Larkin ends with a very daunting cadence; â€Å"Brings closer what is left to come, And dulls to distance all we are. † This cadence, to me, seems very dramatic. It brings into perspective the whole theme of mortality. Larkin makes us think of how fragile and short life is. Larkin must really fear his own mortality. I suppose everyone fears death to  a certain extent, but not many people would care to, or even dare to contemplate what happens after death in as much detail as Philip Larkin. These thoughts must frighten him and anything to do with death and mortality must scare him. Another poem, that is not only relevant to the question, but is also on the same theme as ‘Ambulances’ is called ‘The Building’, the building being a hospital. Larkin describes the hospital as â€Å"Higher than the handsomest hotel† I think that this line is misleading and somewhat ironic, it is falsely attractive. It paints an almost positive picture of a hospital, but I feel that Larkin resents the height of it, after all, the bigger the building the larger the capacity it can hold. The building is â€Å"Like a great sigh out of the last century.† So this building is obviously a modern construction, a quite incongruous and disturbing building in it’s nineteenth century context. Larkin’s tone then changes to fear: â€Å"†Ã‚ ¦what keep drawing up At the entrance are not taxis; and in the hall As well as creepers hangs a frightening smell.† Larkin makes a reference to ambulances here also. He refers to them drawing up outside and the smell in the halls being â€Å"ËÅ"frightening’. He almost persomifies the smell by saying it hangs over them as if it were ready to pounce on any victim. He describes the waiting area and how the people’s faces are â€Å"restless and resigned† He obviously sees this as an area of tension evoking nervous reactions from those who await. He describes them as â€Å"†Ã‚ ¦humans, caught On ground curiously neutral, homes and names Suddenly in abeyance.† He is saying that in this building everyone is in the same boat. They are all â€Å"Here to confess the something has gone wrong.† This is similar to the idea of the confessionals in â€Å"ËÅ"Ambulances’. As I have said, this idea strikes unremitting fear. Each person is waiting to tell of how something has gone wrong with their bodies. Death is slowly violating them. â€Å"It must have been an error of a serious sort, For see how many floors it needs†Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  He is amazed by the size of the building, or perhaps even scared by the size of the need for this building. After all men like to covet wealth but the need for this place is so great that the expense is necessary. â€Å"†Ã‚ ¦and how much money goes in trying to correct it†Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  As a man is wheeled  past in old ward clothes the people all turn quiet, another aspect of death that was also shown in â€Å"ËÅ"Ambulances’. The people fear their mortality when they see death creep up on others. Larkin also relates to us how trapped he feels in the hospital and how distant the outside seems. â€Å"Far past these doors are rooms, and rooms past those And more rooms yet, each one further off And harder to return from†Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  The distance between the outside and the rooms within the hospital seems greater than any physical distance, the freedom of the outside â€Å"†Ã‚ ¦out to the car park, free†Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  seems to be slipping away like time, into the past, like a cherished memory: â€Å"†Ã‚ ¦outside seems old enough†. His desperation for this freedom is so immense that he even plots, in his mind, the route he took to the hospital. He states that we are lulled into a false sense of security and fears that he may never get out. â€Å"†Ã‚ ¦a touching dream to which we are lulled But wake from separately†Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  We are â€Å"ËÅ"lulled’ into this false sense of security, this dream that we wake from â€Å"ËÅ"separately’, isolated and alone. He seems to pity those who, without realizing it, may have to stay for a longer period than they think, they â€Å"†Ã‚ ¦join the unseen congregations†Ã‚ ¦Old, young; crude facts of the only coin this place accepts†Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  The only way of being accommodated here is to be sick. His attitude of inevitable death is shown again: â€Å"All know they are going to die Not yet, perhaps not here, but in the end, And somewhere like this.† He then goes on to describe life as a cliff we climb towards death and how death cannot be overcome. We may try to lighten the dark by bringing gifts, but they are merely wasteful gestures because death is so inevitable and final. Larkin’s attitude to death, here, sees it as totally negative, we also see this view in his poem ‘ The Explosion’, where Larkin takes the form of a third person, describing an incident which claims the lives of several miners in a rural community. Here, Larkin takes the role of a narrator and in this poem his view of death is more sanguine than it is in other poems. He does not express thoughts and feelings as much and I feel this shows how impersonal death really is. The poem has three distinct sections: before the explosion, the moment of the explosion and its aftermath. The first line  arouses a feeling of expectation; â€Å"On the day of the explosion’ We know that from the beginning of this poem that the explosion, and therefore death, is imminent. There is also a hint of Kinship that Larkin may have held for ‘the men in the pits’. He makes the men seem real by talking about ‘Fathers, brothers, nicknames, laughter’ which makes the reader feel the humanity of the men and therefore sympathise with them. These men were ordinary people with their own fears, even a fear of death. Even though these characters were killed in the explosion Larkin has tinged the ending of the poem with hope, because for an instant the love between the dead and their loved ones was so strong that it overcame death itself, allowing the loved one to see each other one last time. â€Å"Wives saw men of the explosion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Larkin strangely endorses the idea of an afterlife even though he was an atheist. ‘The Explosion’ ends on an optimistic note. The final line tells us of how one of the dead miners shows ‘The eggs unbroken’. These ‘eggs’ are a symbol telling us not to lose hope, for even though we may die, nature and life will always carry on. It is set apart from the rest of the poem and can therefore be seen as a climax. So far, 1 have looked at Larkin’s dread, fear, curiosity and overall negative reaction to death. I think it is possible that Larkin may have also found a somewhat positive and redeeming aspect of death in his poem ‘An Arundel Tomb’. This poem tells of a dead earl and his wife the countess who were buried together in a tomb. Their tomb has become, through time, a tourist attraction because of the great likenesses formed from stone of their bodies. Larkin, again with his keen observational eye, looks upon statues and is shocked to find proof of hope and positivity. â€Å"It meets his left hand gauntlet, still Clasped empty in the other,. and One sees, with a sharp tender shock, His hand withdrawn holding her hand.† This chivalrous sight surprisingly hits a tender chord with Larkin, this is surprising due to his predominantly pessimistic views. Larkin also realises that the times of chivalry, knighthood and love are gone. Their love in this time has almost been changed to an untruth, yet is still has prevailed and lasted through time. Larkin looks at these deaths positively because he says, â€Å"†¦and to prove our Almost instinct, almost true : What will survive of us is love.† Larkin takes comfort in this as it reconciles and contrasts to his view that nothing exists after death. He previously described death as, â€Å"An endless meaningless.† Through looking at these poems, I found that throughout Larkin’s life, he tried and tried to find out what death was and what lay beyond it. Most of the time, we find that Larkin had a genuine fear of death, and he could not possibly surmise what lay beyond it. This could be due to his lack of faith and spirituality. For this reason I chose’ An Arundel Tomb’, so as to show that Larkin expressed some hope in death, love was the redeeming feature. Larkin discovered something in those statues that did go beyond death, and this is why he expressed it so beautifully in his last line: â€Å"What will survive of us is love.† Larkin’s poetry almost paths a journey he took through his life in discovering the truth about death. John Carey said that â€Å"Fear of death runs through the poems, and may seem irreconcilable with Larkin’s poised realism.† I have found that Larkin’s poetry is indeed interwoven with death throughout. This may be the case, but I also believe that Larkin found something redeeming in â€Å"ËÅ"An Arundel Tomb’ and that all of his works referring to death, were steps towards his own reconciliation with death.

How to Get Feedback After a Bad Interview

How to Get Feedback After a Bad Interview So you failed your interview. It was a bad interview. Terrible. You know it; your interviewer knows it. You couldn’t run out of that room fast enough. Now, however, rather than hanging your head in shame, wouldn’t it be good to get some honest feedback to see just where it all went wrong- so you can prepare to interview better in the future? And work out the bugs in the system before trying again? The first thing you want to do is reassure whomever you’re asking for feedback that you won’t argue with the interviewer, the recruiter, or HR about it. Convey the fact that you’re simply hoping to learn from your errors and be able to present yourself better to the next place you interview. Some companies will not share this information with you- either because they’re worried about becoming embroiled in a petty argument, or worse, a law suit- but some will give you the feedback you are asking for. And you’ll never know until you ask.Hereâ⠂¬â„¢s what to do.Step One: Know you must move onExplicitly and sincerely make it clear that you are not trying to weasel your way into a second chance. Assert your awareness that, at least as far as you’re concerned, the process is closed. In other words: you know you’re not getting this job. End of story.Step Two: Be polite and honestSay something like, â€Å"Just so I can do better moving forward in my job search, I wanted to see if you might be willing to share one or two things I might have done differently that would have helped me be more successful in the interview?† You may never hear back, but it’s always worth a try.Step Three: Be humbleNo matter what they tell you, if they respond at all, make sure to be gracious and grateful. You’ll know more than you did before you got this feedback. And it can only be of use to you in prepping for your next interview. This interviewer did you a huge favor by responding in the first place, and for giv ing you some insight that, when made proper use of, might prove to make all the difference in your future job searching.Say thank you. Leave them alone. Then analyze the feedback you were given and find the places where you can and should improve.

Free Essays on Othello

Heroic Men and Women in Othello In Shakespeare’s Othello many terrible situations befall on the characters contained in the play. Our main and title character, Othello, is especially ravished by evil deeds. He looses his mind, his wife and his own life all within the span of about two acts. It is all the more tragic because Shakespeare builds up the character of Othello as one of his greatest literary heroes. However to combat Othello’s truly heroic personality Shakespeare creates a character as evil as Othello is good. It is Iago, the antagonist of the play, who seems to hate Othello and his heroic image with no apparent motive present. Although Othello’s heroic nature fails him when Iago manipulates his thoughts to be against his wife, Desdemona, another heroic character steps in to finally put the evil to rest. In a twist of irony it turns out that Iago’s own wife, Emilia, who picks up the sword of heroism to combat the evil of Iago. It is for about only one act that this play is wit hout a truly honorable hero. It is because Othello looses his trust for Desdemona that his heart is turned to madness. However it is because Emilia keeps her trust in Desdemona that allows her to be heroic. Othello, the man, is one of the greatest generals in Venice. However Othello is also an outsider in Venice. He is described as a moor or a member of a Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent. His skin color is what sets him apart from the Venetians. However instead of deeming him with negative qualities because of his skin color Shakespeare blesses him with heroic abilities as well as the heart of a hero. The audience sees how much Othello trusts his wife in the first act. Barbantio, Desdemona’s father, takes great offense to his daughter marrying a man of dark skin. He claims that Othello has wooed Desdemona â€Å"By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks† (1.3.70). However we see that Othello’s heroism transcends any r... Free Essays on Othello Free Essays on Othello Iago’s opinion of women. Shakespeare’s play Othello is based on tragedy of Othello’s jealousy, which ironically leads Othello to kill Desdemona, his beloved (wife). Evil Iago is above all Shakespeare’s villains. Iago is a person with evil emotions, and as a result he deceives everybody, he also is exceptionally influential character who has taken in everyone, above all his own wife Emilia. His public face of bravery and honesty conceals a satanic delight in manipulation and destruction, and he will stop at nothing. Iago’s opinion on women is that he detests women in all kinds and shapes, and finds faults even when they have little or no faults. It is evident that Iago refers to Desdemona as a piece of property, when He wakes up Brabantio (Desdemona’s Father) and tells him about the marriage to Othello. In Act 1 Scene 1 Line 80 he states, â€Å" Thieves, thieves! Look to your house, your daughter and your bags! † Further on Iago comes to Brabantio’s house and says to him that his daughter has been stolen, rather than saying she ran away with Othello, which reveals to us that he thinks women are the property of men. Act 1 Scene 3, Iago tells Roderigo that he shouldn’t be an inane man to even think of taking his life for a female. â€Å"Ere I would say I would drown myself for the love of a guinea hen; I would change my humanity with a baboon †. Act 1 Scene 3 Line 310. Again this reveals to us that Iago says that he would never drown himself for a female, he rather change his humanity with a monkey which is totally degrading because he sees a monkey more fit than women. Further on He refers Desdemona as a guinea hen, which denotes a whore. One might think Evil Iago is a man who hates women, for he shows no love or sympathy to women as he constantly slanders them of things they didn’t do or even think about, this is evident on Act ii Scene 1. He states "Come on,... Free Essays on Othello The ill-fated hero that so honorably battles evil only to be tripped by a single, yet fatal, character flaw is as much a part of William Shakespeare’s work as any theme in literature. This dynamic plot structure has been worked, and reworked into some of the worlds most well known, critically acclaimed literary selections, among which, Shakespeare’s Othello is a prime example. Within the text of this tragic drama, Othello’s fatal flaw can be seen to be his simple idealism, his trusting innocence to the world, and his failure to see through his jealousy. From the onset of the play, Othello is revealed to have the attributes of the most honorable of heroes. This celebrated Moorish general has lived a hard, yet ultimately victorious life to date, and has found love for the first time in Desdemona. In fact, the first hints to this innocence can be seen in his explanation of the â€Å"charms† used in the winning of Desdemona’s hand in marriage. In this, his greatest conquest, he whole-heartedly believes that his tales of battle were the driving force behind Desdemona’s love for him. This rather simple take on the complex workings of love reveals the innocent idealism behind the character Othello and his simplistic, yet pure love for the fair Desdemona. However, more pressing examples of this hero’s innocence to the world can be witnessed, by the reader, in his interactions with the evil Iago. Using Othello’s trusting soul against him, Iago plants the seeds of Desdemona’s infidelity in Othello’s head, and allows the jealous rage to fester in his mind. Refusing to believe that Iago could lie about such a matter, yet just as strongly refusing to accept that Desdemona could have betrayed him so callously, the General is wrought with frustration. This anger, facilitated by his simple, idealistic views on love and the world, causes a collapse in Othello, who initially demands physical proof, but then begins to accept... Free Essays on Othello "If Othello didn’t begin as a play about race, history has made it one." The Venetian society that Othello is set in is representative of the writers context. The attitudes and values that Shakespeare reveals through the text are those same attitudes and values of Elizabethan society in England in the sixteenth-century. Although Othello is set in Venice and Cyprus, the attitudes and values shared in the text are probably reflective of the attitudes and values of Shakespeare's own society. It is difficult to assess the attitudes and values of people in sixteenth-century Britain to the relatively few blacks living amongst them. We are given an insight into those attitudes and values through the representation of race and gender in the text of Othello.These attitudes and values are indicative of what a culture believes in and supports. By the time Othello was written the English were becoming more and more aware of the existence of other races in the world besides themselves. There had been a lot of travelling and blacks were beginning to be used in Europe for the slave trade. During the time the play was written, the Queen of England had banned all blacks from entering the city. She spoke of them as "Negars and Moors which are crept into the realm, of which kind of people there are already here too many". It seems that Shakespeare is almost mocking the Queen by characterising Othello as a black man who has a high ranking position in the Army and who marries a white aristocratic women, against her fathers will. Ruth Cowlig suggests that the presentation of Othello as the hero must have been startling for Elizabethan audiences. This may have been the case, but through the representation of Othello we are able to see that some members of society such as the Duke, looked over his colour to assign him his position whereas, others such as Iago, look on his colour as a way to mock him. Hostility is shown to Othello by c... Free Essays on Othello Othello~Is Racism The Predominant Factor Throughout The Play? Many people consider Shakespeare’s Othello to be a racist play. The main character in this controversial play is a black moor who marries a white woman, but their marriage is later destroyed by treachery, jealousy and deceit. Although there are many instance in this play that suggest that this is a racial play, racism does not actually control the play, even though it has a racist theme that is the romantic union of a black man and a white woman. This theme takes precedence over the entire play and sets up what is one of Shakespeare’s most controversial works of the time. The majority of the racial comments come from characters that are either irritated or upset. For example, when Emilia found out that Othello had killed her best friend, Desdemona, she was extremely infuriated and referred to Othello â€Å"And you the Blacker devil"(5.2.129), this was the only time in the play that she had said anything racial in reference to Othello. Her emotions could be considered to be out of rage or could also be considered that to come out because she was afraid to show them before. The major characters that have racial tensions toward Othello are Iago, Brabantio, Roderigo and Emilia, with the hatred of Othello as the basis for their racial actions and comments towards him. Roderigo speaks the first racial comment in the play, when he refers to Othello as â€Å"thicklips†(1.1.65), which is spoken out of Roderigo’s jealousy toward Othello. Iago is the most racist character in the book though, as he has it in for Othello right from the start. The event that causes this hatred of Othello and also his hatred of Cassio, occurs when it was time for Othello to choose his Lieutenant, it was Cassio who was chosen instead of Iago, even though Iago’s war experience was much greater than that of Cassio’s. Iago does not say anything racist to Othello's face but he has a lot to say against ... Free Essays on Othello Reeti Choudhury Ms.Cerrini English 11 AC 16 October 2004 Othello: Questions that lead to a Gender Approach Throughout history, it has been said that â€Å"behind every successful man, there is a woman’s hand.† â€Å" O heavy ignorance thou praisest the worse best. But what praise couldst thou bestow on a deserving woman indeed- one that in the authority of her merit did justly put on the vouch of very malice itself?.† (Shakespeare 35) This quote is the main idea of feminism in most work that Shakespeare portrays. This quote happens to be portrayed in Shakespeare’s Othello. In William Shakespeare’s works, female characters represent the foundations upon which the climax is built. â€Å" Do not doubt that; before Emilia here I give thee warrant of thy place. Assure thee, If I do vow a friendship, I’ll perform it†¦.† (Shakespeare 57) This quote shows how although women are considered less than men, they still have a right to express themselves. Women in Othello, are portrayed as secondary to the male characters. â€Å"Yet I beseech you, if you think fit, or that it may be done, Give me advantage of some brief discourse, With Desdemona alone.† (Shakespeare 56) This quote is said by Cassio, when he needs help from Emilia, so he could try to get his job back. You can notice that the women aren’t being portrayed as bad or evil in Othello, but they are portrayed as someone that could be trusted. This following quote also shows how women were portrayed as to be secondary (meaning although they were looked up to they were not thought of as to be as smart as a male character): â€Å"Emilia. Villany, villainy, villainy! I think upon’t- I think I smell’t!- O villainy! I thought so then.- I’ll kill myself for grief.-O villainy, villainy! Iago. What are ... Free Essays on Othello It is unclear whether Shakespeare intended Iago to appear as evil as he does but one thing is for sure; Iago remains one of Shakespeare’s most debated villains. It is Iago’s motives for scheming that continue to be the most intriguing aspect of his existence. Often critics tend to concentrate on discrediting his motives. Describing Iago’s motives as being weak has almost become a given. There are two general ideas from the sources that I found. One of the ideas sees Iago as a conspicuous character whose sole purpose is to generate evil. Another analysis of Iago is that Shakespeare has created Iago to be a very dramatic villain rather than an evil one. These broad generalizations do not correlate in any kind of rationalization for Iago’s demise. That is what my theory intends to elaborate on. By not establishing a clear motive, Iago’s plan becomes so broad that he involves too many people for the result to be favorable to him. His aggression against Othello starts when Othello names Michael Cassio his lieutenant rather than Iago. This motive would have been valid if he had not involved Desdemona and Emilia. He could have easily gotten revenge at Othello and Cassio by just going after them. Another possible motive is that Othello has committed adultery with Emilia. This motive brings Desdemona and Emilia into Iago’s plotting. He now feels he needs to involve everyone in his evil scheme. When Iago convinces Roderigo to start a fight with Cassio at a party, it appears obvious that Iago’s plot to become lieutenant will come full circle. But Iago consulting Cassio after the altercation makes no sense for his motive to become lieutenant. On a very surface level, Iago comes off as being just plain evil. Many critics would agree with this and would be content to think that Shakespeare created Iago to merely show evil. Richard Flatter feels that due to weak motives as a soldier and as an angry husband, I... Free Essays on Othello The Tragedy Of Othello The Theme Of Two Lovers Life In Which Was Ended Due To A Jealousy Man Othello’s downfall, which was due to Iago mass manipulative plan, is the reason the play is know as a tragedy. Tragedy is defined as a drama or another literary work that ends in the downfall of its main character. According to Greek Philosopher Aristotle, the function of tragedy is to arouse in the audience the emotions of fear and pity in order to produce a catharsis, or cleansing, of these emotions by the play’s end. The protagonist, or tragic hero, is usually a high ranking or respected person whose personality is married by a fatal weakness, or tragic flaw, that causes his or her downfall. In other words, Othello is the protagonist throughout this drama. I think Iago is one of those people who is just plain evil, kind of like a pathological liar. A pathological is someone who lies just to get a response and in Iago’s case, besides the fact he is hungry for power, he makes a scene just for fun, just to get a rise out of the people around him. He can be considered pure evil, without true motive, but he does have his stated reasons and very human excuses which still motivate people today. Iago states in act one that he has heard rumors that Othello had an affair with Emilia, Iago’s wife. Thus his revenge is to make Othello believe his own wife, Desdemona, is unfaithful. The subject of jealousy, friendship, race, and power, all comes up in Iago’s character as well. Othello is black and yet above Iago. Othello appointed the younger Cassio to be lieutenant over Iago, betraying the bonds of age, experience, trust and friendship. Othello, weakness is carried throughout the play due to jealous of his wife, Desdemona. Furthermore, Othello has been a soldier for several years but when it comes down to his wife Desdemona he like a soldier that is inexperience in his position. Othello would do anything for Desdemona even when he didn... Free Essays on Othello Role of Women in Othello In Shakespeare’s Othello, the role of women is greatly emphasized. The important characters of the play, Othello, Iago, and Cassio, each have a women that stands behind him. These women each have an obligation to remain loyal and respect their husband's wishes, especially Desdemona and Emilia. We see Desdemona as a young beautiful white female, madly in love with a powerful black man. She is strong inside but doesn't tend to show that side of her as much as she would want to. She tends to play the peace-maker in her marriage and is always trying to understand Othello. Throughout the play she struggles to prove her loyalty and respect to her husband, no matter what it takes she tries to be a good wife. At the beginning of the play when Brabantio, confronts Othello and Desdemona about their relationship, she does not hesitate to defend her husband to her father, regardless of the consequences she faced. She is brought in by her father to the court to be questioned for her actions, she replies with utter respect to her father, but devotion to her husband". To you I am bound for life and education....I am hitherto your daughter. But here is my husband. And so much duty as my mother showed to you, preferring you before her father...(act1,sc3L210). In other words, she is grateful to her father for what he has given to her but will stand by the side of her husband, as any women should. Even while Othello is accusing her of having an affair with Cassio, and insulting her calling her a whore, her responsibility of standing by her man and trying to understand him still remains. As angered as she may be with what he just called her, she questions him politely, as to why he is saying such things. She knows she doesn't deserve that but how could she defend herself to her husband, without disrespecting him. In her mind a women should never disrespect her husband, or suggest that he is wrong. In her mind when he ca... Free Essays on Othello â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† Lorraine Hansberry wrote the award winning play† A Raisin in the Sun.† It is set in Chicago’s Southside in the late 1940’s. The story reflects her own experience of racial harassment when her successful family moved into a white neighborhood. She got her title from a line in a Langston Hughes poem named,† Harlem (A Dream Deferred) (534) –What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? (1-3) This title is in reference to one of the main characters. He has a dream but racial tension going on at the time and his family’s opinion and interference does not help his dream come true. Walter Lee Younger is a man in his mid 30’s. He is a chauffer. He lives with his wife Ruth, his son Travis, his mother Lena, and his sister Benetha. Walter has a serious conflict with his wife. They are talking about a plan that he and his friend have to open a liquor store. He has it all figured out but his wife shuns him because she things his partner, Willy Harris is â€Å"a good-for-nothing loud mouth†(1.1.992). He sarcastically reminds her about the last â€Å"good-for-nothing loud mouth† she didn’t like-â€Å"Charlie Atkins was just a good-for-nothing loud mouth too, wasn’t he! When he wanted me to go into the dry cleaning business with him. And now he is grossing a hundred thousand a year. A hundred thousand dollars a year! And you still call him a loud mouth!† (1.1.992). Walter is very upset and bitter with his wife over the fact that they could have been getting this money and been successful. He also feels that she isn ’t being supportive of him. Everything he tries to do she talks down upon him. He tries to explain that he and Willie have everything figured out she stops him and shows no interest in what he has to say-â€Å" Walter leave me alone! Eat your eggs they gonna get cold â€Å" (1.1.993) his point of why he thinks she is not supporting him pro... Free Essays on Othello The Webster’s dictionary defines a motif as a recurrent thematic element in a musical, artistic, or literary work. In the play Othello, by William Shakespeare, an overriding motif is animals. The characters use reference to animals to show their hatred and scorn to other characters in the play, especially Iago towards Brabanzio, Roderigo, and Othello. There are occurrences in the speech of other characters that also play a significant role. The reference to animals conveys a sense that the laws of nature, rather than those of society, are the primary forces governing the characters in the play. Iago is a manipulative character, and uses his wise tongue to influence others and their feelings. In the beginning of the play, when Iago informs Brabanzio of the whereabouts of his daughter, he refers to Desdemona and Othello to be, â€Å"Making the beast of two backs.† (I.i.117-118). He does this so Brabanzio becomes angry with Othello and possibly cause enough harm and havoc in his life to give Iago what he wishes, power. Iago is manipulating Brabanzio because he secretly is plotting the fall of Othello, but wants everyone else to seem at fault. He is thinking about no one else except himself. We see the overriding concept of the motif when Iago continues his devilish ways with Roderigo by ridiculing him for his foolish attempt of killing himself. After Roderigo failed at gaining the love of Desdemona, suicide became an option. When Iago became aware of this, he told Roderigo, â€Å"Ere I would drown myself for the love of a guinea-hen, I would change my humanity with a baboon.† (I.iii.312-313). He does nothing to encourage Roderigo after a very emotional moment in his life. He makes the situation worse when he says that drowning is only for â€Å"Cats and blind puppies.† (I.i.330-331). Instead of helping Roderigo in the time of need, he uses this opportunity to anger Roderigo and uses him as a pawn in his game against Othello... Free Essays on Othello â€Å"Othello’s stature as a tragic hero is severely compromised by the alacrity with which he turns against his wife, and by his failure to achieve any real self knowledge† To what extent do you agree? Othello’s stature as a tragic hero is severely compromised by the speed and ease with which he turns against his wife, and by his failure to achieve any real self knowledge. In the Shakespearian tragedy of Othello, we witness the character of Othello fall from a position of control in Venetian society due to a combination of different reasons. Othello has a deep self-love for himself, and it is because of this he turns against his wife Desdemona with a great speed and ease. A traditional ‘tragic hero’ portrays four major characteristics: firstly, the tragic hero is a figure of high standing/esteem in the community; secondly, there is an agency that leads to the fall of the hero whether within the hero himself or from an outside figure/source; the third characteristic is a moment of self-realisation or self-awareness and the last characteristic is that the fall of the hero results in death. Othello is portrayed as a well-respected citizen within the Venetian society. He can be seen as an intelligent and heroic military leader whose skill is indeed very valuable and necessary to the state and he knows this. His military success has promoted his position within Venetian society, and as a ‘Moor’ within the white dominated society, he has a strong desire to maintain his social standing, and is prepared to sacrifice anything which threatens his reputation, which leads to the eventual death of Desdemona. Othello is trusted by everyone in Venice being called, â€Å"valiant Othello† and â€Å"brave Othello† and described as â€Å"...more fair than black† (I, iii, 286). He has been given full martial and political command of Cyprus and is a figure of high standing and esteem within the Venetian community. Othelloï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Othello In the play Othello, by William Shakespeare, the main character, Othello, experiences a heroic struggle within his own mind, which leads to his downfall. He feels that it is directly based on his cultural background. The villain in the play, Iago, puts this in his mind when he tells Othello that his wife, Desdemona is having an affair and claims that he saw Cassio with Desdemona’s handkerchief. Othello becomes angry of this and reflects his cultural background, how his is black and the fact that he is a soldier and begins to experiences his own heroic downfall. The affair between Cassio and Desdemona really starts to become true to Othello when Iago claims that he saw Cassio with Desdemona’s handkerchief. The handkerchief was a gift Desdemona received from Othello. The handkerchief has been passed down from generation to generation. Othello’s mother used it to keep his father faithful to her, and it was given to Othello who gave it to Desdemona to be used in the same way. The handkerchief is a symbol of love and marriage between two people. During the play Desdemona leaves it behind and Iago plants it on Cassio. He then uses this to further convince Othello of the affair between Cassio and Desdemona. The handkerchief then changes from a symbol of love to a symbol of betrayal. This handkerchief has been in Othello’s family and is a part of his cultural background, so it is very special. The thought of Desdemona having an affair is seen, in Othello’s eyes, as an insult to his love and also to his background and th is enrages him.... Free Essays on Othello In Shakespeare’s play Othello, Iago is the antagonist. That is, he is the villain in the play Othello. He is the person who causes an action to occur which affects the other characters in the play. This action may not necessarily be a good thing. Iago is the catalyst for Othello’s change. He is the reason behind Othello’s changing views of his wife Desdemona, which results in the deaths of many of the characters in this tragedy. In order to understand the role Iago plays in destroying Othello, it is important to understand how Iago uses other characters in Othello to set his devious plot into motion. Iago successfully manipulates the characters involved to further his evil plans. He does this in such a way that the majority of the characters’ perceptions of each other change dramatically. Thus leading to Othello’s transformation and Othello’s changing views and behaviour towards his beloved wife Desdemona. Iago firstly uses Roderigo, a Veneti an gentleman, in love with Desdemona and then Cassio in the process of annihilating Othello. Cassio is Othello’s Lieutenant. Other characters Iago exploit include his own wife Emilia and Desdemona herself. Iago goes to a lot of trouble to conquer Othello. When Iago’s interaction with the other characters is understood then it can be perfectly recognised, acknowledged and understood how Iago causes Othello’s perceptions of Desdemona to change so drastically and quickly. Roderigo is the first fall under Iago’s spell of manipulation. Roderigo is convinced that Iago is genuine and does everything Iago tells him to. Iago easily convinces Roderigo to tell Desdemona’s father, Brabantio, of Desdemona’s elopement with a ‘moor’. Iago and Roderigo tell Brabantio of Othello’s marriage to Desdemona who rushes over to Othello to unsuccessfully reclaim his daughter. â€Å"An old black ram Is tupping your white ewe.† (Act 1, Scene 1, Line 90). Brabantio’s perceptions of both his daugh... Free Essays on Othello Heroic Men and Women in Othello In Shakespeare’s Othello many terrible situations befall on the characters contained in the play. Our main and title character, Othello, is especially ravished by evil deeds. He looses his mind, his wife and his own life all within the span of about two acts. It is all the more tragic because Shakespeare builds up the character of Othello as one of his greatest literary heroes. However to combat Othello’s truly heroic personality Shakespeare creates a character as evil as Othello is good. It is Iago, the antagonist of the play, who seems to hate Othello and his heroic image with no apparent motive present. Although Othello’s heroic nature fails him when Iago manipulates his thoughts to be against his wife, Desdemona, another heroic character steps in to finally put the evil to rest. In a twist of irony it turns out that Iago’s own wife, Emilia, who picks up the sword of heroism to combat the evil of Iago. It is for about only one act that this play is wit hout a truly honorable hero. It is because Othello looses his trust for Desdemona that his heart is turned to madness. However it is because Emilia keeps her trust in Desdemona that allows her to be heroic. Othello, the man, is one of the greatest generals in Venice. However Othello is also an outsider in Venice. He is described as a moor or a member of a Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent. His skin color is what sets him apart from the Venetians. However instead of deeming him with negative qualities because of his skin color Shakespeare blesses him with heroic abilities as well as the heart of a hero. The audience sees how much Othello trusts his wife in the first act. Barbantio, Desdemona’s father, takes great offense to his daughter marrying a man of dark skin. He claims that Othello has wooed Desdemona â€Å"By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks† (1.3.70). However we see that Othello’s heroism transcends any r... Free Essays on Othello Cassio and Desdemona Cassio was the Othello’s lieutenant, but he didn’t have a lot of experience. His habit was opposite to Othello, but Othello admired him because he was the polite and respect soldier. Othello had believed that Cassio had something with Desdemona, but Cassio was only honorable toward her so that Iago tried to make the devil plan to Cassio in that scene. Cassio was too innocent, and he fell to Iago’s devil plan which made Cassio to get drunk and had the fight with Roderigo. Iago wanted to use Roderigo to make Cassio to have bad reputation among other people. Desdemona was the Othello’s wife, and she had the high birth and good breeding from her family in Venetian. She was a very truly wife which caused her to defend Cassio in the public area and every where. In the scene, Iago’s plan was to convince Cassio to ask for the help from Desdemona because Othello would get angry from the conversation between Desdemona and Cassio. Desdemona was stronger than Othello, but Othello didn’t believe that because he thought she was a little woman. She was not the private woman that Othello expect her to be because she liked to go to the outside world.... Free Essays on Othello Shakespeare on Film Review of Othello The American Repertory Theatre’s Othello certainly did not live up to the expected standard of the previous productions of this theatre company. I think that the directors of this show (in the end) sought to bring the audience a classical version of Othello, though not a Shakespearean version of the play. Despite this classical vision, the acting was clearly not classical, but rather, a very modern approach to classical acting. The indicating nature of the performances, particularly by Iago, was merely an attempt at a classical performance that did not echo throughout the show. The inconsistency of the performances in this show had a strong contribution to the downfall of the production as a whole. Although there were two directors with two different visions for this particular show, the quality of the acting should not have been affected. Actors still have the ability to make conscious choices about their characters regardless of a director’s overall vision of th e play. Because there was a severe lack of set and scenery in this production, the focus of the audience was continually on the actors. Thus, the moments of poor performance were intensified. One of these moments that struck me the most was the opening scene between Iago and Roderigo. This scene, until Brabantio entered, was extremely weak and did not engage the attention of the audience. At the beginning of a show this is crucial. Othello is a play that I am very familiar with. However, I found myself uninterested during this first scene, to the point where I was not sure who was the character of Iago and who was the character of Roderigo. Brabrantio’s entrance pulled the audience back into the action onstage. His entrance was powerful because I really believed that he had just been woken up and was annoyed about it. His voice was clear and thunderous. He, in a manner of speaking, woke the audience up and bro... Free Essays on Othello Analysis of Shakespeare’s Othello & Machiavelli’s The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince serves as a guideline to attain and remain successful in power. He explains what obstacles a new â€Å"prince† faces when he comes into authority. Machiavelli’s The Prince was seen as a set of instructions inspired by his experiences dealing with war and revolt. His writings are concerned with the principles on which such a state is founded, and with the means by which they can be implemented and maintained. In his most famous work, The Prince, he describes the method by which a prince can acquire and maintain political power. In his view, a prince should be concerned only with power and be bound only by rules that would lead to success in political actions. Machiavelli believed that these rules could be discovered by deduction from the political practices of the time, as well as from those of earlier periods. Cocco 2 Shakespeare’s Othello portrays the growth of unjustified jealousy in the protagonist, Othello, a Moor serving as a general in the Venetian army. The innocent object of his jealousy is his wife, Desdemona. In this tragedy, Othello's evil lieutenant Iago draws him into mistaken jealousy in order to ruin him. Shakespeare’s Othello demonstrates the usage of imagery to create a vivid account of the characteristics of the persons represented in the play. In act 1 scene 1 of Othello, two men are plotting against Othello because they feel they were deceived. One participant is a man named Roderigo, who is in love with Desdemona, Othello’s wife. The focus of the scene is Roderigo telling Desdemona’s father, Brabanzio, that she has run off to marry Othello, a moor and valiant general, but not a man of great monetary assets. The visual imagery that Shakespeare uses in this particular speech by Roderigo strongly describes the main character, Othello, as a grotesque, bestial figure who has taken Brabanzio’s d... Free Essays on Othello Not the unjust suspicions of Othello, not Iago's unprovoked treachery, place Desdemona in a more amiable or interesting light than the conversation (half earnest, half jest) between her and Æmilia on the common behaviour of women to their husbands. This dialogue takes place just before the last fatal scene. If Othello had overheard it, it would have prevented the whole catastrophe; but then it would have spoiled the play. The character of Iago is one of the supererogations of Shakespear's genius. Some persons, more nice than wise, have thought this whole character unnatural, because his villainy is without a sufficient motive. Shakespear, who was as good a philosopher as he was a poet, thought otherwise. He knew that the love of power, which is another name for the love of mischief, is natural to man. He would know this as well or better than if it had been demonstrated to him by a logical diagram, merely from seeing children paddle in the dirt or kill flies for sport. Iago in fact belongs to a class of character, common to Shakespear and at the same time peculiar to him; whose heads are as acute and active as their hearts are hard and callous. Iago is to be sure an extreme instance of the kind; that is to say, of diseased intellectual activity, with the most perfect indifference to moral good or evil, or rather with a decided preference of the latter, because it falls more readily in with his favouri te propensity, gives greater zest to his thoughts and scope to his actions. He is quite or nearly as indifferent to his own fate as to that of others; he runs all risks fo a trifling and doubtful advantage; and is himself the dupe and victim of his ruling passion-an in-satiable craving after action of the most difficult and dangerous kind. "Our ancient" is a philosopher, who fancies that a lie that kills has more point in it than an alliteration or an antithesis; who thinks a fatal experiment on the peace of a family a better thing than...